laser heating comsol tutorial

listed if standards is not an option). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-472. In cases where the material is partially transparent, the laser power will be deposited within the domain, rather than at the surface, and any of the different approaches may be appropriate based on the relative geometric sizes and the wavelength. An example of this approach from our Application Gallery can be found here. The question is quite simple , in RF (frequency domain) we can find , A(), R() , () : absorption ,refrection and transimition as a function of frequency. et al. In this blog post, we have looked at the various modeling techniques available in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment for modeling the laser heating of a solid material. Can anyone guide me through the procedure to follow for it? The laser itself is not explicitly modeled, and it is assumed that the fraction of laser light that is reflected off the material is never reflected back. A laser beam focused through two lenses. Since the beam may scatter in all directions, the mesh must be reasonably uniform in size. hello The lenses heat up due to the high-intensity laser light, shifting the focal point. The beam envelope method, available within the Wave Optics Module, is the most appropriate choice in this case. The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as a spatially distributed heat source on the surface. Today, we will discuss various approaches for simulating the heating of materials illuminated by laser light. Modeling Laser-Material Interactions with the Beer-Lambert Law, Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, https://www.comsol.com/model/time-to-frequency-fft-analysis-of-a-distributed-bragg-reflector-89811, https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639, https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics, 2022 by COMSOL. Especially since this domain is of a homogeneous material illuminated by a steady beam, and would not have features sizes comparable to the phonon and IR wavelengths nor short-time duration phenomena that might motivate a more complex thermal model, such as a Cattaneo-type equation . This infrared light will be neither coherent nor collimated, so we cannot use any of the above approaches to describe the reradiation within semitransparent media. Do you have example for top-hat square model? listed if standards is not an option). You should also know the relative sizes of the objects you want to heat, as well as the laser wavelength and beam characteristics. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. The lenses heat up due to the high-intensity laser light, shifting the focal point. If the material interacting with the beam has geometric features that are comparable to the wavelength, we must additionally consider exactly how the beam will interact with these small structures. Hello Walter, Which one is the best for Laser Ablation? Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. I want to simulate phase change with laser heating over metal ( solid material ) to see how laser melt it. Both of these material properties can be functions of temperature. 3. Finally, if the heated structure has dimensions comparable to the wavelength, it is necessary to solve the full Maxwells equations without assuming any propagation direction of the laser light within the modeling space. A laser beam focused in a cylindrical material domain. This infrared light will be neither coherent nor collimated, so we cannot use any of the above approaches to describe the reradiation within semitransparent media. A constant radiation hits an slab and part of that is transferred through the slab, part is absorbed within the slab and part is reflected. Liquids and gases (and plasmas), of course, can also be heated by lasers, but the heating of fluids almost always leads to significant convective effects. Stay tuned! When using a surface heat load, you must manually account for the absorptivity of the material at the laser wavelength and scale the deposited beam power appropriately. There are 5 companies in the FORTUM POWER AND HEAT POLSKA SP . Additionally, we must concern ourselves with the relative scale as compared to the wavelength of light. The thermal variations result in structural deformations of the structure. If the materials under consideration are transparent to laser light, it is likely that they are also partially transparent to thermal (infrared-band) radiation. The absorption within domains is modeled via a complex-valued refractive index. The Laser Heating interface adds the Beam Envelopes and the Heat Transfer in Solids interfaces and the multiphysics couplings between them. Additionally, the RF Module offers a Microwave Heating interface (similar to the Laser Heating interface described above) and couples the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface to the Heat Transfer in Solids interface. Email: support@comsol.com, I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL. Which field should I use for the simulation, the scattered field has Gaussian beam background wave type or full-field? But, f you want some inspiration for such cases, see: https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/. In addition, the wafer itself is rotated on its stage. Please help me or recommend the related topic! You can use the Beer-Lambert law approach if you know the incident laser intensity and if there are no reflections of the light within the material or at the boundaries. How should I model this? Any of these properties can be temperature dependent. This is the case when modeling a focused laser light as well as waveguide structures like a Mach-Zehnder modulator or a ring resonator. Dear Amir, Furthermore, this example may also be defined and modeled using components from the following product combinations: The combination of COMSOL products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries. The scenarios investigated are: - Stationary laser with constant power - CW mode - Stationary laser with pulsed power - Pulsed mode - Moving laser with constant power - CW mode Assumptions One-dimensional multipulse laser machining of structural alumina: evolution of surface topography. The losses in the sphere and the surrounding electric field magnitude are plotted, along with the mesh. If the heated objects are much larger than the wavelength, but the laser light itself is converging and diverging through a series of optical elements and is possibly reflected by mirrors, then the functionality in the Ray Optics Module is the best option. In this video, you learn how to model a moving laser heat source (pulsed and continuous wave mode) in COMSOL Multiphysics. A good example to build upon is: I want to simulate phase change with laser heating over metal ( solid material ) to see how laser melt it. The COMSOL Sales and Support teams are available for answering any questions you may have regarding this. FORTUM POWER AND HEAT POLSKA SP Z O O has 419 employees at this location and generates $222.77 million in sales (USD). Modeling the temperature rise and heat flux within and around the material additionally requires the Heat Transfer in Solids interface. The heating of liquids and gases and the modeling of phase change will be covered in a future blog post. Then I can attach the two models together. Additionally, we must concern ourselves with the relative scale as compared to the wavelength of light. These couplings are automatically set up when you add the Laser Heating interface under Add Physics. The transient thermal response of the wafer is shown. https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639 The resultant surface heat source is shown. Laser light is very nearly single frequency (single wavelength) and coherent. You may follow a similar approach in COMSOL. Beer-Lambert Law If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. How should I model this? You could simply add heat transfer in solids, and then use the laser-heating multiphysics coupling. Get the latest business insights from Dun & Bradstreet. A surface heat source assumes that the energy in the beam is absorbed over a negligibly small distance into the material relative to the size of the object that is heated. Imagine I excite a laser beam in frequency domain, I solve the problem for all frequencies of interest, can I get with an inverse Fourier Transform ( FREQUENY TO TIME ) the Reflectivity as a function of time or/and space? Thus far, we have only considered the heating of a solid material that does not change phase. (The wavelength is 1064nm and the spot size is 20 um). The approach is appropriate if the wave vector is approximately known throughout the modeling domain and whenever you know approximately the direction in which light is traveling. A laser beam focused through two lenses. Best. Also what I find interesting and very valuable is a 3D guassian Maxwell representation for a laser. Which one is the best for Laser Ablation? At surfaces, you can use a reflection or an absorption coefficient. Today's COMSOL tutorial is from the application library on their website at https://www.comsol.com/models/comsol-multiphysics https://www.comsol.com/model/do. Despite the nomenclature, the RF Module and the Microwave Heating interface are appropriate over a wide frequency band. An example of this approach from our Application Gallery can be found here. The absorption within domains is modeled via a complex-valued refractive index. When you expect the temperature variations to be significant, you may also need to consider the wavelength-dependent surface emissivity. Laser light heating a gold nanosphere. Im trying to obtain an output very similar to the one illustrated in this post but I cant get the Laser Heating coupling quite right. If the laser is very tightly focused, then a different approach is needed compared to a relatively wide beam. The tutorial forms part of a video series aimed at demonstrating. Laser Heating of a Silicon Wafer A silicon wafer is heated up by a laser that moves radially in and out over time. Here, we need to use the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface, which is available in both the Wave Optics Module and the RF Module. Please advise. To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Specification Chart and make use of a free evaluation license. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. I was thinking of drawing two separate geometries:- When using the Beer-Lambert law approach, the absorption coefficient of the material and reflection at the material surface must be known. Before starting to model any laser-material interactions, you should first determine the optical properties of the material that you are modeling, both at the laser wavelength and in the infrared regime. Instead, we can use the radiation in participating media approach. This is most easily done with the Deposited Beam Power feature (shown below), which is available with the Heat Transfer Module as of COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.1. The transient thermal response of the wafer is shown. Is there a blog entry or tutorial model for the beam envelope method? Modeling Laser-Material Interactions with the Beer-Lambert Law, Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, https://www.comsol.com/model/time-to-frequency-fft-analysis-of-a-distributed-bragg-reflector-89811, https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639, https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics. How can I describe the laser beam as Gaussian beam in Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency domain? Alle Rechte vorbehalten. For those interested in using this approach, this tutorial model from our Application Gallery provides a great starting point. Hi, Laser heating of a semitransparent solid modeled with the Beer-Lambert law. The interface also includes various boundary conditions for modeling convective heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere or fluid, as well as modeling radiative cooling to ambient at a known temperature. Happy modeling! I have problem modeling radiation heat transfer in a slab. A good example of using the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface: Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, as illustrated below. A laser beam focused through two lenses. By providing your email address, you consent to receive emails from COMSOL AB and its affiliates about the COMSOL Blog, and agree that COMSOL may process your information according to its Privacy Policy. Beer-Lambert Law If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. This consent may be withdrawn. The full-wave approach requires a finite element mesh that is fine enough to resolve the wavelength of the laser light. If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. The appropriate way to set up such a model is described in our earlier blog entry Modeling Laser-Material Interactions with the Beer-Lambert Law. If the laser is very tightly focused, then a different approach is needed compared to a relatively wide beam. Do you have example for top-hat square model? In general this problem can be solved in a lot and different geometries using ports. The lenses heat up due to the high-intensity laser light, shifting the focal point. listed if standards is not an option). For questions related to your modeling, please contact our Support team. Please advise. Today, we will discuss various approaches for simulating the heating of materials illuminated by laser light. In general this problem can be solved in a lot and different geometries using ports. Online Support Center: https://www.comsol.com/support Please help me or recommend the related topic! COMSOL simulation tutorial for laser heating and thermal expansion effects on WGM resonators.Presented by:Amir Ghadimi: amir.ghadimi@epfl.ch - amirh.ghadimi@. Company Description: FORTUM POWER AND HEAT POLSKA SP Z O O is located in Wrocaw, dolnolskie, Poland and is part of the Water, Sewage and Other Systems Industry. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version In this video, you learn how to model a moving laser heat source (pulsed and continuous wave mode) in COMSOL Multiphysics. Mehr lesen The CFD Module, however, has certain additional turbulent flow modeling capabilities, which are described in detail in this previous blog post. A laser beam focused through two lenses. In this blog post, we have looked at the various modeling techniques available in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment for modeling the laser heating of a solid material. 1. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526612515000304)For consultations, contact us at:E-mail: info@nemantu.co.za In cases where the material is opaque, or very nearly so, at the laser wavelength, it is appropriate to treat the laser as a surface heat source. In "Community" go to "model exchange." In the search window (magnifying glass) type laser. Optimizing an NIV Mask Design with Multiphysics Simulation, How to Use State Variables in COMSOL Multiphysics, The Quest for Clarity: Tracing Rays in 3 Telescope Designs. But, f you want some inspiration for such cases, see: https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/. When using the Beer-Lambert law approach, the absorption coefficient of the material and reflection at the material surface must be known. A good example of using the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface: Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, as illustrated below. The Deposited Beam Power feature in the Heat Transfer Module is used to model two crossed laser beams. Imagine I excite a laser beam in frequency domain, I solve the problem for all frequencies of interest, can I get with an inverse Fourier Transform ( FREQUENY TO TIME ) the Reflectivity as a function of time or/and space? This approach assumes that the laser light beam is perfectly parallel and unidirectional. 1. https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639 Mit der Anmeldung erklre ich mich damit einverstanden, dass COMSOL meine Daten gem meinen Prferenzen und wie in der Datenschutzerklrung von COMSOL beschrieben erfasst, speichert und verarbeitet. Beer-Lambert Law If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. As the light passes through lossy materials (e.g., optical glasses) and strikes surfaces, some power deposition will heat up the material. How can I describe the laser beam as Gaussian beam in Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency domain? The peak, average, and minimum temperature during the heating process is computed, as well as the temperature variations across the wafer. Since the beam direction is known, the finite element mesh can be very coarse in the propagation direction, thereby reducing computational costs. Thermo-Structural Effects on a Cavity Filter. Typically, the output of a laser is also focused into a narrow collimated beam. Hello Alison, Hello adried, Note that you can also solve a time-domain model, as in: https://www.comsol.com/model/time-to-frequency-fft-analysis-of-a-distributed-bragg-reflector-89811. I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL Multiphysics can you please help me on the step by step approach of the Simulation. The finite element mesh only needs to be fine enough to resolve the temperature fields as well as the laser spot size. The resultant surface heat source is shown. The losses in the sphere and the surrounding electric field magnitude are plotted, along with the mesh. 1- A spherical nanoparticle The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as a spatially distributed heat source on the surface. Stay tuned! can you help me about that please. For instances where you are expecting significant radiation between the heated object and any surrounding objects at varying temperatures, the Heat Transfer Module has the additional ability to compute gray body radiative view factors and radiative heat transfer. It would be very helpful if there was an example in similar description format as the one using the Beer-Lambert Law. I need help in designing the optical cable with a nanoparticle attached at its one end and study the effect of passing a laser through it. This collimated, coherent, and single frequency light source can be used as a very precise heat source in a wide range of applications, including cancer treatment, welding, annealing, material research, and semiconductor processing. With the full-field, now I dont know how to put the laser beam into the model. Within this blog post, we will neglect convection and concern ourselves only with the heating of solid materials. Which field should I use for the simulation, the scattered field has Gaussian beam background wave type or full-field? This is demonstrated in our Rapid Thermal Annealing tutorial model. In this video, you learn how to model Heat Transfer effects caused by a single laser pulse in COMSOL Multiphysics. Online Support Center: https://www.comsol.com/support Despite the nomenclature, the RF Module and the Microwave Heating interface are appropriate over a wide frequency band. The transient thermal response of the wafer is . You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version Vora, H.D., Santhanakrishnan, S., Harimkar, S.P. In addition, the wafer itself is rotated on its stage. This model example illustrates applications of this type that would nominally be built using the following products: however, additional products may be required to completely define and model it. Surface heating and volumetric heating approaches are presented, along with a brief overview of the heat transfer modeling capabilities. A surface heat source assumes that the energy in the beam is absorbed over a negligibly small distance into the material relative to the size of the object that is heated. Thus far, we have only considered the heating of a solid material that does not change phase. The heating of liquids and gases and the modeling of phase change will be covered in a future blog post. The interface also includes various boundary conditions for modeling convective heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere or fluid, as well as modeling radiative cooling to ambient at a known temperature. If the heated objects are much larger than the wavelength, but the laser light itself is converging and diverging through a series of optical elements and is possibly reflected by mirrors, then the functionality in the Ray Optics Module is the best option. The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as a spatially distributed heat source on the surface. The full-wave approach requires a finite element mesh that is fine enough to resolve the wavelength of the laser light. A laser beam focused through two lenses. Since the beam may scatter in all directions, the mesh must be reasonably uniform in size. If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. You can use any of the previous five approaches to model the power deposition from a laser source in a solid material. 2- An optical fiber cable This information will be useful in guiding you toward the appropriate approach for your modeling needs. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version The beam envelope method, available within the Wave Optics Module, is the most appropriate choice in this case. You should also know the relative sizes of the objects you want to heat, as well as the laser wavelength and beam characteristics. The beam envelope method can be combined with the Heat Transfer in Solids interface via the Electromagnetic Heat Source multiphysics couplings. It is, however, also quite easy to manually set up such a surface heat load using only the COMSOL Multiphysics core package, as shown in the example here. The question is quite simple , in RF (frequency domain) we can find , A(), R() , () : absorption ,refrection and transimition as a function of frequency. Available in the core COMSOL Multiphysics package, this interface is suitable for modeling heat transfer in solids and features fixed temperature, insulating, and heat flux boundary conditions. 2 Video Discussions on Multiphysics Simulation of Optics and Photonics, Developing a Silicon MEMS Chip for On-Demand DNA Synthesis, Modeling a Pacemaker Electrode in COMSOL Multiphysics. I already know the absorptance, reflectance and transmittance of the slab. If the heated domain is large, but the laser beam is tightly focused within it, neither the ray optics nor the Beer-Lambert law modeling approach can accurately solve for the fields and losses near the focus. (The wavelength is 1064nm and the spot size is 20 um). Depending upon the degree of transparency, different approaches for modeling the laser heat source are appropriate. The laser itself is not explicitly modeled, and it is assumed that the fraction of laser light that is reflected off the material is never reflected back.

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