banana dna extraction lab report conclusion

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. While you may know of the double-helix structure of DNA, you can't see that structure with the naked eye. collected. It was established in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick that the two strands of their proposed double helis are exact complements of one another, such that the rings of the ladder always consists of either A=T, or G=C base pairs. For instance, the detergent or soap helps to break down the cells outer membrane, and the salt helps to separate the DNA from other materials in the cell. What You Need Banana Salt Warm water Liquid soap Blender Toothpicks Strainer Glass jar Rubbing alcohol Knife Here's How 0000044903 00000 n Why is working with linked genes not simple? 20 mL DNA extraction buffer (15 g NaCl/ 1 L water) 1 mL liquid dishwashing detergent Ice -cold 95% ethanol or 95% isopropyl alcohol 1/3 banana . It holds the instructions necessary for the organism to grow and function, and is passed on from generation to generation through heredity. The mixtures were filtered through cheesecloths. We are able to properly and successfully extract DNA from banana using cell disruption and separation techniques. Mashing the banana exposes a greater surface area from which to extract the DNA. Although concentrations were low, clear bands were still obtained from the amplifications. For DNA polymerase to begin replication, the primer used in Sanger sequencing A.can have any nucleotide sequence B.will have a complementary sequence to the 3 end C.will have a. ASU - Ask A Biologist, Web. "Seeing DNA". The filtration step (pouring the mixture through the strainer) allows for the collection of the DNA and other cellular substances. During a DNA extraction, a detergent will cause the cell to pop open, or lyse, so that the DNA is released into solution. As part of the chromosomes, the information contained in genes can be transmitted faithfully by parents through gametes to their offspring. It also controls many of the features that make an organism unique. The point both 3 small test tubes and to investigate the cell nucleus to release the DNA. And because DNA doesn't dissolve in alcohol, this substance helps DNA to cluster into a separate layer. This could be a problem if two bacteria looked similar because they could easily. A probable reason for this cite it. For more info, see, Modern Language Association, 7th Ed. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing 3 For what purposes is DNA extraction done give at least 3 purposes for which you may need to extract DNA? Traditional methods include judging by phenotypes characteristics. << conclusion-of-banana-dna-extraction-lab-pdf 2/5 Downloaded from thesource2.metro.net on February 15, 2023 by guest products. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose. Community Solutions, The Mysterious Case of the Missing Periods, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/04/, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/, 1/2 peeled ripe banana (you can also use strawberries or other fruit), very cold rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) placed in freezer ahead of time. Press ESC to cancel. Isopropyl rubbing alcohol allows me to see the DNA because when molecules are insoluble the clump together and become visible so the alcohol makes the DNA insoluble making it become visible. Johns Hopkins University Press. Conclusion Purpose : This lab was conducted in order to show and analyze the way DNA is extracted. 0000001162 00000 n It is also essential for carrying out forensic science, sequencing genomes, detecting bacteria and viruses in the environment and for determining paternity. The remaining two bases, cytosine and thymine, are known as pyrimidines. Then the bananas were mushed more. A.deletion B.duplication C.translocation D.transposition E.inversion 2 Which amino acid can sometimes be present at the P site without first. In a separate five-ounce cup, a solution consisting of one teaspoon of shampoo and two pinches of salt was made. Even though the procedures vary considerably, they involve three main steps: lysis of cell wall, cell membrane and nuclear membrane, isolation of DNA from other cell inclusions, and purification of the extracted DNA. Then eight millilitres of DNA buffer was then added to the pure. Salt is used at a high molarity due to the fact that it precipitates all of the proteins out. C q" Motivation: Recent technological promotions in the field of genomics have resulted in Following Generation DNA Sequencing Technologies. Which DNA extraction the best? The test tubes were then observed. The salt enables the DNA strands to come together, or aggregate. We do in fact share about 50% of our genes with plants including bananas. Bananas have 44.1% of genetic makeup in common with humans. Humans share 50% of our DNA with a banana.. These comprise the genetic alphabet which in various combinations, will specify the components of proteins. In this activity, you will extract and observe DNA from bananas. This DNA extraction is simple and works every time but the DNA is not pure. The actual DNA structure is seen as a double helix in which two strands are wound around each other. 2 0 obj &t #s, #"cre%#b$y sma$$' but we ca" see #t by extract#"g DN a"%, %#st#$$e% water #" the p$ast#c bag' sea$ the bag a"%, so$ut#o" s$ow$y !or about a m#"ute u"t#$ the shampoo, the empty cup. The salt was dissolved by stirring slowly to avoid foaming. Gene: a region of DNA that instructs the cell on how to build protein(s). endobj DNA extraction is integral to the process of genetic modification of plants. Genetic testing can best be defined as a process in which an individuals DNA is isolated and tested for the presence of specific genes or defects that could indicate the future onset of some disease. All of the above steps were completed in the same manner for the banana DNA extraction except DNA and small cell debris to filter through. << Scholars endobj assignments. Equipment You will need the following: Two clear glasses/cups Sealable plastic bag Banana Blunt knife and teaspoon Plate/chopping board Measuring jug What properties do bases have? %%EOF The banana DNA was circular and was very separated into many smaller pieces. Water is a molecule of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O)more. A test tube of cold alcohol was then obtained. Step 2: In a separate bowl, mix the washing up liquid, salt and tap water. /Width 625 endstream endobj 165 0 obj <>/Size 135/Type/XRef>>stream (Remove the skin of the bananas and kiwi, we just want the insides!) Step 2: Put the banana into a bag. Learn more about Melissa Wilson Sayres' work with Monster DNA. 1. Banana and Strawberry image by Ralph Daily via Wikimedia Commons. Purpose : As a human, you usually get a set of instructions from your mom and another set from your dad more, Molecule: a chemical structure that has two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond. Watch biologist Melissa Wilson Sayres as she shows you step-by-step how to extract DNA from a banana. The solution had to be blended for 15 to 20 seconds, until it became a dense mixture. 1 1 . Spin the stirrer it in place to start gathering the cloudy stuff. Step 8: Pour the drained liquid into a glass. The test tube solution. For example, scientists can identity genetic cell membranes if the cell wall guards the cell, DNA extraction, a detergent will cause the cell to pop open, or lyse, so that the DNA is released into solution. with free plagiarism report. The cells in a sample are separated from each other, often by a physical means such as grinding or vortexing, and put into a solution containing salt. 3) By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. * To understand how a buffer solutions disrupts the plasma membrane and releasing cellular components into the solution. We understood how a buffer solutions disrupts the plasma membrane and releasing cellular components into the solution. /4 When looking at DNA extraction,the key steps for isolating DNA from a plant cell or animal cell is to the solution is minimal remove the banana residue and transfer 5mL of the filtrate into a separate dry gas tube. ?>, Order original essay sample specially for your assignment needs, https://phdessay.com/extracting-dna-from-bananas/, A Passion for DNA: Genes, Genomes, and Society, A role for transportin in the nuclear import of Adenovirus core proteins and dna, get custom Why or why not? The type of RNA that helps in mRNA splicing is made by RNA polymerase ________. Its natural shape is called a double helix and when seen under extremely high-powered microscopes, it looks kind of like a ladder twisted into a spiral shape. Some of the protein is still present. Save time and let our verified experts help you. If the lab is conducted properly then we should be able to view a visible. Approximately 2ml of cold 95% ethanol was added into each test tube. 3. It does not store any personal data. * Pragya Khanna. //= $post_title How does detergent help to break down DNA? The banana mixtures were cooled, the mushed again. There are three basic steps in DNA extraction. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB the so$ut#o" whe" the a$coho$, #s a%%e%. The DNA precipitates out of the solution when the alcohol is added. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 4 0 obj DNA molecules are long, slender molecules that carry the heritable information of organisms on to future generations. While the banana solution was being mixed, a number two cone coffee filter was laced inside a second five-ounce cup. DNA is a component of living and once-living things. 0tx AA~/''8szs' / J~tG x #. ASU - Ask A Biologist. Once extracted, DNA could be observed and inferences made about the nature of DNA, and then compare the differences between two DNA's amount. Although most mutants are either impersonal or harmful they are besides the natural stuff for development. Why do you put liquid soap in a banana strainer? 1 ) Peel a banana and take about of it 2 ) In a ziplock bag , mash the banana until it is a liquid 3 ) Mix 20 m L of the extraction buffer with the banana liquid The goal of this lab is to extract the genetic material from an organism so that it can be seen with the naked eye . In this activity each material plays a specific role in helping to extract the DNA from the cells. For more info, see, https://askabiologist.asu.edu/activities/banana-dna, Public Service and The article Whole-Genome Patterns of Common DNA Variations in Three Human Populations provides detailed and examination of core individual differences in DNA sequences. In eukaryotic organisms, RNA most ofther carries the genetic information out of the nucleus, where chromosomes reside into the cytoplasm of the cell. /Filter /DCTDecode Extraction solution S was added into ziplock Extraction 1 and extraxtion solution SS into ziplock bad Extraction 2. Close the bag and very gently squeeze and move the saltwater and banana mush together. The mixture was divided into two 50ml conical flasks (20ml each). 0. g of salt was added into flask SS. 9. By continuing well assume youre on board with our Of those 60 percent, the proteins encoded by them are roughly 40 percent identical when we compare the amino acid sequence of the human protein to its equivalent in the banana, Brody adds. DNA Extraction Lab Begin by watching the Video of a Strawberry DNA extraction, also available in the module, and think about how DNA extraction is possible. Then a plastic pipette was filled with the filtrate two times and added to the alcohol. These engineerings have created ballyhoo among scientists since they enable inexpensive and faster. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The liquid soap is added to help break down cell membranes to release the DNA. Because DNA is in every cell, there is a lot of it in an organism. JFIF d d C This complementarity between adenine and cytosine nitrogenuos base pairs and between guanine and cytosine nitrogenuos base pase pairs, attracted to one another by hydrogen bonds, is critical to genetic function. (B) Banana Extraction 1. What is the best fruit to extract DNA from? Sometimes it is hard to do all the work on your own. 2 0 obj 0000000936 00000 n 0000040445 00000 n 0 Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Materials: Half a peeled banana distilled water plastic sealable bag or beaker plastic cup shampoo or dishwashing liquid table salt Some additional protocols for DNA extractions: Sex Influenced Female Dominant Inheritance, beakers 100ml and 2x250ml (or jars that same size), liquid dishwashing detergent (clear solution works better than cloudy), Make a 10% solution of dishwashing detergent in one of your 250ml beakers (make enough to fill the mortar half way), Add the 10% detergent solution to cover the fruit, Grind the banana in the soap solution until there are no lumps (this is the hardest part, have the students take turns), Fasten a coffee filter to the 250 ml beaker with a rubber band so there is room for the fruit to be poured into the filter, Pour the fruit and soap mixture into the filter and place in a cold place to filter, Clean up your lab area while you are waiting for the filtering to complete, Remove the filter and throw away the contents, Pour enough of the liquid into a test tube to fill it 2 cm high, Add twice the volume of 95% ethanol (try to layer the alcohol on top by gently pouring it down the side of the test tube), The DNA will precipitate in the boundary between the alcohol and the banana mixture as a cloudy mass. An academic unit ofThe College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, You may need to edit author's name to meet the style formats, which are in most cases "Last name, First name. /Subtype /Image Views 778 Extracting DNA from Bananas In the Lab: Extracting DNA from Bananas, DNA was removed from bananas that had been blended with water in order to examine how DNA is seen from the naked eye. /BitsPerComponent 8 endobj Do you think the subject Chemistry is necessary or useful on your future career (in Industry, research, academe, engineering, etc.)? stream endobj Lea being the main narrator, sat up on her knees, Inviting the audience In to listen and seemed more comforting and engaged, whereas Phil communicated with the audience with the. Using the wooden coffee stirrer, the DNA can be spooled out of the solution. 6T3G]Zq`S;z*H27$21a4a@ aaSn;,8@ U Banana bunchy top of your problem is a few minutes without seeds and reseeding of cookies before placing the parts of genomic distribution, but any spills. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. (2018, Feb 11). In addition, there are four kinds of nitrogenous bases in DNA. Seeing DNA. Did you know that we have over 70,000 essays on 3,000 topics in our Kiwis and bananas both together produced the same amount of strawberries alone. It is incredibly small, but we can see it by extracting DNA and isolating chains of it. 20g of banana was added into each ziplock bag labeled Extraction 1 and Extraction 2 3. Each strand is made up of a chain of nucleotides. 135 0 obj <> endobj If you are interested in helping with the website we have a Volunteers page to get the process started. 7 0 obj Each living organism has its own unique DNA sequence. Explain what procedures are required to release DNA from a plant cell . Such mutants from allelomorphs. With HSj@WcczG]A)-84H$$`;:4yofRSLGiqU"M l 8cjzR. The banana mixtures were cooled in the ice chest containing ice for 2 minutes. Bananas and strawberries are great choices. Genetic Engineering of Plants. All of these instructions fit within tiny packages within our tiny cells, so that is all way too tiny for anyone to ever really see or touch, right? The Essay on Human Genome Project Sequence Dna Information. We succesfully investigated the effect of temperature on DNA extraction from bananas. About 60 percent of our genes have a recognizable counterpart in the banana genome! The authors pay attention to genetic basis. Hypothesis: 1. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Gentlymush the water and banana for 45 seconds. The subsequent conversion of the genetic information contained in RNA into a protein is called translation. Because of their size, it is impossible to see a single DNA molecule with the naked eye. Variants of genes, called alleles, are responsible for differences in hair color, eye color, and earlobe shape. Lastly, when good results were obtained, there was enough DNA to spool onto a rod or a plastic loop. 10 What do we have in common with the banana plant? My hypothesis was correct for strawberries producing the most DNA followed by kiwis and than bananas last. Materials: Extracting DNA from Bananas student handout 1 large banana 3/4 cups distilled . /CA 1.0 /SM 0.02 Extracting quality DNA from scale insects, including mealybugs, can be difficult due to their small body size and waxy coating. In this study, we evaluate eight commonly used DNA extraction methods to determine their efficacy in PCR analysis across life stages and preservation . >> For the genes DNA to subsequently influence an inherited trait, the stored genetic information in the DNA in most cases is first transferred to a closely related nuclei acid, RNA or ribonucleic acid. Place a very small sample of the extracted DNA on a microscope slide and place one drop of Aceto-orecin stain on the . The DNA kiwi extraction shows how simple it may be to extract DNA from a living organism which is very essential because DNA gives important information DNA. Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/extracting-dna-from-bananas/, Hire skilled expert and get original paper in 3+ hours, Run a free check or have your essay done for you, Didn`t find the right sample? Stir gently trying to avoid making too many bubbles in the mixture. "Seeing DNA". every $#v#"g orga"#sm. Lastly, All Papers Are For Research And Reference Purposes Only. Cells reproduce in part by passing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from parent cells to offspring cells. A. potential of crossing over in meiosis I B. The coffee filter was specifically placed in the cup so that it did not touch the bottom. And because the DNA doesnt dissolve in alcohol, this substance helps the DNA clump together in a separate layer. Extracting DNA from Bananas In the Lab: Extracting DNA from Bananas, DNA was removed from bananas that had been blended with water in order to examine how DNA is seen from the naked eye. (B) Banana Extraction 1. 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During the procedure of the lab, a ratio of one banana per one cup (250 milliliters) of distilled water had to be mixed together in a blender. After stirring for five to ten minutes, the mixture of banana and shampoo was filtered by pouring it into the coffee filter and letting the solution drain for several minutes until there was approximately five milliliters of filtrate to test. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". D. student in bioinformatics at the University of Georgia. Banana DNA Experiment This DNA extraction is simple and works every time but the DNA is not pure. DNA extractions the surface of genetic engineering. endobj These instructions are in segments of DNA called genes. endobj All of the above steps are completed in the same manner for the banana DNA extraction except for the adding of water during the smashing of the fruit. 1 0 obj Two of the nitrogenous bases, adenine and guanine, belong to a group of compounds known as purines. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. DNA provides a blueprint for an organisms growth and development. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. xnFab5\8CA _4E$`i,yI:=x-Yd.5g:#6}^={s/0lH*|?x'}=]4}vb ~M4q'(OV%l`! Remove and discard the used coffee filter. The conical flasks was labelled S and SS. trailer 0000040688 00000 n %PDF-1.4 Updated on April 13, 2019 Extracting DNA from a banana may sound like a difficult task, but it is not very difficult at all. By volunteering, or simply sending us feedback on the site. DNA is organized into genes and stores genetic information. However, it is nice because the students get to see and hold in their hand the substance they have been studying that seems so abstract and hard to believe it even exists. The a$coho$ separates the DN !rom the other, ce$$ compo"e"ts' wh#ch are $e!t beh#"% #" the water, Do not sell or share my personal information, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ew9-YGrgpWo. 135 32 stream Studying DNA is one way scientists learn about what is necessary for life. ?>. Three heaping teaspoons of the banana mixture that was made in the beginning of the experiment was then added to the shampoo, salt, and water solution and mixed with a spoon for five to ten minutes. DNA provides a blueprint for an organism's growth and development. Although nowadays very few errors are made due to scientists using biotechnology equipment that allows them to look at DNA to see exactly how organisms are different, and find out how they work. 4 0 obj The banana DNA was easy to see as it was a light pink/clear and it was chunky and had thick pieces when picked up with the skewer but it appeared shredded in the liquid. %PDF-1.5 Then the DNA can be precipitated out of the solution by adding alcohol. Need urgent help with your paper? Place the banana pieces into a sealable plastic bag. What scientific advances have made this possible? 0000011509 00000 n DNA extraction is a method to purify DNA by using physical and/or chemical methods from a sample separating DNA from cell membranes, proteins, and other cellular components. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The solution then sat for two to three minutes without a single disruption such as shaking the test tube. 0000040917 00000 n xbbbd`b``3] The enzymes in softens the phospholipids in the cell membrane and denatures the DNAse Test 2 Amount of DNA extracted Figure 1. Extraction solution 'S' was added into ziplock 'Extraction 1' and extraxtion solution 'SS' into ziplock bad . The procedure contains three steps (digestion, Incubation, and centrifugation). The four nitrogenous are A(adenine), G(guanine), T(thymine) and C(cytosine). 3g PROCEDURE (A) Extraction solution recipe: 4ml of shampoo was mixed with 36ml of distilled water. Altering Animals. <>>> It is amazing how important things are being discovered by persons who spend most of their lives dedicated to research. /ca 1.0 The bag was closed with minimum content of air. Step 1. Do not lower the bag or mashed the banana too close to the ZIP seal on the bag. In this activity, you will extract DNA from banana, strawberry and kiwi fruits. In . Extracting DNA from a Banana and Other Fruits Introduction All living things, bananas and people included, pass on information from one generation to the next using the same basic material, DNA. 5 What is DNA extraction and what is its purpose? /AIS false >> The Mendelian Revolution: The Emergence of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society. 5) The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Materials: Extracting DNA from Bananas student handout 1 large banana 3/4 cups distilled . Lab Report Banana Dna. 0000001339 00000 n Within every living organism, most cells contain a complete set of DNA instructions. /Pages 3 0 R Result Photo 1: Test tubes containing solution S and SS CONCLUSION. We even have genes in common with the banana plant! DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is found in all living things. My REFERENCES: BOOKS: * Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson, Biology (8th Ed), Pearson International Edition: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 23 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> startxref Strawberry DNA Extraction - the University of Queensland, How to Extract DNA from a Banana - Regina Bailey. Mush the banana in the resealable bag for about a minute until all the lumps are gone and it almost looks like pudding. * To observe the extraction of genomic DNA from plant cells. 0000006862 00000 n The probable reason for the tinted brown shade in the human epithelial DNA and not the strawberry DNA is that human epithelial DNA is extracted from one's mouth in which. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Banana DNA Extraction Lab Name: _____ Objectives: Describe where DNA is located in a plant cell. The information in DNA tells our bodies how to develop, grow, and work. endobj The white DNA could be seen precipitating out of the alcohol layer.

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