thiamethoxam insecticide uses

The greatest income losses would affect the UK, while most jobs losses would occur in Romania. The law restricted the use of imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam for seed treatment, soil application (granules) and foliar treatment in crops attractive to bees. They are available as eggs from commercial insectaries, and will stay in a larval stage after they hatch for one to three weeks. "[57] Reaction in the scientific community was mixed. Boric acid, more specifically orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula B(OH) 3.It may also be called hydrogen borate or boracic acid. We tried them on alfalfa and we got nothing out of alfalfa. OW uses aquatic toxicity data to develop ambient water quality criteria that can be adopted by states and tribes to establish water quality standards under the Clean Water Act. (Beyond Pesticides, October 19, 2022) Pet flea collars containing the insecticide tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP) are set to be banned by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, according to the agencys long overdue response to a petition from the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). They eat mostly insect eggs, but will also feed on beetle larvae, aphids, scale insects, and young caterpillars. How much do you agree with the following statement. In addition, the combined exposure reduced bee food consumption and hemolymph (bee blood) sugar levels. However, this negatively affects insectivorous bird populations that rely on these insects for food. [35], As all neonicotinoids were registered after 1984, they were not subject to reregistration, but because of environmental concerns, especially concerning bees, the EPA opened dockets to evaluate them. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. In mammals, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are located in cells of both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous systems. In the summer of 2015, the province passed a law to reduce the presence of neonicotinoids. AlP is synthesized by combination of the elements:. The final instar feeds for a while, then undergoes changes within its skin, ceasing feeding and growing a new skin, forming what amounts to pupa. A bumblebee (or bumble bee, bumble-bee, or humble-bee) is any of over 250 species in the genus Bombus, part of Apidae, one of the bee families. Bemisia tabaci and B. argentifolii transmit African cassava mosaic, bean golden mosaic, bean dwarf mosaic, bean calico mosaic, tomato yellow leaf curl, tomato mottle, and other Begomoviruses, in the family Geminiviridae. if(typeof lazyAds == "undefined"){ [4] It was used mainly on apples, but also on other fruit trees, garden crops, turfgrasses, and against mosquitoes. 3 Benchmark = Toxicity value x LOC. They all have a very peculiar life cycle, said Hector Carcamo, an entomologist at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canadas Lethbridge research centre. Worldwide economic losses are estimated at hundreds of millions of dollars annually. It behaves as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. [3], Other neonicotinoids have a negatively charged nitro or cyano group, which interacts with a unique, positively charged amino acid residue present on insect, but not mammalian nAChRs. Featured creatures. NOAEC = no-observed-adverse-effects concentration. In the early 1900s. [36] The registration review docket for imidacloprid opened in December 2008, and the docket for nithiazine opened in March 2009. [90], In 2017, researchers demonstrated the combined effects of nutritional stress and low doses of common, widely used neonicotinoid pesticides (clothianidin, thiamethoxam) found in nectar and pollen. }); "[57], The decision came up for review in 2016. (1 being 'completely disagree' and 5 being 'completely agree'). [92], A review article (Carreck & Ratnieks, 2015) concluded that while laboratory based studies have demonstrated adverse sub-lethal effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on honey bees and bumble bees, these same effects have not been observed in field studies, which is likely due to an overestimation of three key dosage factors (concentration, duration and choice) in many laboratory based studies. It causes genetic damage: chromosomal abnormalities increased in bone marrow and spleen cells when mice were exposed to cypermethrin. Toxaphene is a mixture of over 670 different chemicals and is produced by reacting chlorine gas with camphene. They comprise the family Aleyrodidae, the only family in the superfamily Aleyrodoidea. The entire structure is characteristic of the Aleyrodidae and within the family it is taxonomically diagnostic because it varies in shape according to the species. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In the early spring theyll fly to peas and faba beans, their host crops.. [3][4][5][specify] Beginning in the early 2000s, two other neonicotinoids, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, entered the market[where?]. Is your water supply helping or hurting your tank mix. In 1997, tomato yellow leaf-curl begomovirus was discovered in Florida, USA. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Theyre an old-world species that can be found in northern Europe and ranges all the way to the northern tip of Africa. Their results provided the first demonstration that neonicotinoids and nutrition levels can synergistically interact and cause significant harm to animal survival, showing the complexity of neonicotinoid effects. Cypermethrin (CP) is a synthetic pyrethroid used as an insecticide in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic purposes. var code = "googletag.cmd.push( function() {googletag.display('dfp-ad-slot--inline--2'); } );"; [2] Shortly after the meal, the victim experienced nausea, prolonged vomiting, stomach pains, and diarrhea which progressed to convulsions, unconsciousness and coma. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 150: 1329, Figs. [6] In another result, after 15 days of continual dosing, both androgen receptor levels and serum testosterone levels were significantly reduced. [75], However, the breakdown product desnitro-imidacloprid, which is formed in a mammal's body during metabolism[73] as well as in environmental breakdown of imidacloprid,[76] has a charged nitrogen and shows high affinity to mammalian nAChRs. Relatively nontoxic Demeton: Systox Organophosphate <2 hours Highly toxic Demeton-S-methyl: Meta-systox Organophosphate: Banned worldwide for toxicity to humans Insects in the City", "The dose makes the poison: have "field realistic" rates of exposure of bees to neonicotinoid insecticides been overestimated in laboratory studies? How should I avoid purchasing treated plants in the future?". [11] Studies have shown that residue from cypermethrin can last for 84 days in the air, on walls, the floor and on furniture. You'll receive current daily news every morning free, as well as market updates and special features. [32] The EPA issues conditional registrations when a pesticide meets the standard for registration, but there are outstanding data requirements. googletag.cmd.push( function() { By 2019, they had crossed the Manitoba border and have since been found in much of that province, although it takes a sharp eye to find them. The Evolution of Alternative Genetic Systems in Insects. Classification Of The Major Genetic Systems Of Insects. 133, Table 1. Agricultural, silvicultural and urban land uses often involve the application of insecticides to control a variety of insect pests. Health Canada estimated that neonicotinoids provide benefits equivalent to over 3% of the national farm gate value of corn and 1.5% to 2.1% of the national farm gate value of soybean in 2013 . 6 Benchmark = Toxicity value x LOC. [16] Resistance to cypermethrin has developed quickly in insects exposed frequently and can render it ineffective. Washing the plant, especially the undersides of leaves, may help reduce the number of the pests on the plants and make their management by other methods more effective. Cypermethrin is highly toxic to fish, bees and aquatic insects, according to the National Pesticides Telecommunications Network (NPTN). For nonvascular plants, toxicity value is usually a short-term (less than 10 days) EC50 (usually with green algae or diatoms), and the LOC is 1. Some promising claims have been made that mesh or film that excludes ultraviolet of certain wavelengths from a greenhouse interfere severely with the ability of whitefly and various other greenhouse pests, to find their food plants. While such disappearances have occurred sporadically throughout the history of apiculture, and have been known by various names In January 2013, the Humboldt Forum for Food and Agriculture e. V. (HFFA), a non-profit think tank, published a report on the value of neonicotinoids in the EU. The greatest losses would be in wheat, maize and rapeseed in the UK, Germany, Romania and France. Further harm is done by mold growth encouraged by the honeydew whiteflies secrete. Martin, Jon H. Giant whiteflies (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae). [5] This is associated with UGT1A6 deficiency in cats, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing cypermethrin. For soybeans, neonicotinoid seed treatments typically are not effective against the soybean aphid, because the compounds break down 3542 days after planting, and soybean aphids typically are not present or at damaging population levels before this time. OPP's procedures for conducting pesticide effects assessments are described in the. [107], A 2013 Dutch study found that water containing allowable concentrations of imidacloprid had 50% fewer invertebrate species compared with uncontaminated water. if(typeof lazyAds == "undefined"){ Agricultural production outside the EU would expand by 3.3million hectares, leading to additional emissions of 600 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. }); 4Al + P 4 4AlP. The weather is another consideration. It is also used as an ingredient in flea medication for cats and dogs. For vascular plants, toxicity value is usually a short-term (less than 10 days) EC50 (usually with duckweed) and the LOC is 1. While nithiazine has the desired specificity (i.e. In Saskatchewan, with some of their surveys, they saw their numbers go down quite a bit in some of the drier years that we had over the last few years, Gavloski said. Please see contact us for more information. [61] The ban applies to the three main neonicotinoid active compounds: clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. document.getElementById("bigbox__2-heading").style.display = "block"; J Econ Entomol. Whiteflies are also attracted by the color yellow, so yellow sticky paper can serve as traps to monitor infestations. [5] Many insects' compound eyes are divided into functionally and anatomically distinct upper and lower regions, but the adaptation's purpose or origin in Aleyrodidae is unclear. [14] This is the worst viral disease transmitted by the whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii. This site will help you identify biocides and pesticides and work out whether your products are affected by legislation. Read a summary of the September 2022 updates to the Aquatic Life Benchmarks. 1949. Tell-tale leaf damage may be evident but the weevils themselves are so small that they are not easily seen. "[11] The UK, which voted against the bill, disagreed: "Having a healthy bee population is a top priority for us, but we did not support the proposal for a ban because our scientific evidence doesn't support it. In 2018, the Trump administration reversed this decision, stating that decisions on neonicotinoid usage on farms in wildlife refuges will be made on a case by case basis. They provide root chemicals that deter whiteflies. [73][74] Because most neonicotinoids bind much more strongly to insect neuron receptors than to mammal neuron receptors, these insecticides are more toxic to insects than mammals. causing paralysis and death. [46] An investigation revealed that it was caused by a combination of factors: In Germany, clothianidin use was also restricted in 2008 for a short period on rapeseed. It behaves as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. [citation needed] Lead arsenate was the most extensively used arsenical insecticide.Two principal formulations of lead arsenate were marketed: basic lead arsenate (Pb 5 OH(AsO 4) 3, CASN: 1327-31-7) and 22,000 jobs would be lost, primarily in Romania and Poland, and agricultural incomes would decrease by 4.7%. The USDA recommends "an integrated program that focuses on prevention and relies on cultural and biological control methods when possible". An official website of the United States government. The neonicotinoid family includes acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam. In a study conducted by Xie and colleagues [46], molecular imprinting based-electrochemical sensor having graphene was prepared and effectively employed for the recognition of an insecticide thiamethoxam in grain samples. Sometimes they feed directly on the roots, but most commonly theyll attack the bacteria that form the nodules that fix nitrogen.. Cypermethrin is very toxic to cats which cannot tolerate the therapeutic doses for dogs. [44], The first neonic was approved in the EU in 2005.[45]. [82][83] Despite much speculation on the role of neonicotinoids, many collapsing colonies show no trace of them. Permethrin is a medication and an insecticide. .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}6-chloronicotinic acid is a common degradation product of multiple neonicotinoids. [8] However, not all species are white; for example, Aleurocanthus woglumi is slaty black. [68], On 10 December 2015, Montreal banned all neonicotinoids without exception on all properties within the city limits, including the Botanical Garden, all agricultural areas and all golf courses. [94], A 2017 survey covering every continent with honeybees found neonicotinoids in three-fourths of honey samples, albeit in every case at levels considered safe for human consumption. [10], There generally are four larval instars. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, or orthodichlorobenzene (ODCB), is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 Cl 2.This colourless liquid is poorly soluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents. It is applied against soil pests, seed, timber and animal pests as well as foliar treatments. "[11] Bayer Cropscience, which makes two of the three banned products, remarked "Bayer remains convinced neonicotinoids are safe for bees, when used responsibly and properly clear scientific evidence has taken a back-seat in the decision-making process. Effects assessments under both program offices are developed with high quality data according to parallel but somewhat different rigorously peer-reviewed assessment methods. Lead arsenate was widely used in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, US, England, France, North Africa, and many other areas, principally against the codling moth and snow-white linden moth. } [12][62] Use of the three compounds had been partially restricted in 2013. While low to moderate activation of these receptors causes nervous stimulation, high levels overstimulate and block the receptors,[3][24] They like to overwinter in perennial forages. The first instar has functional legs, though short. This may also seriously impede the ability of farms to process cotton harvests. [59][60], On 27 April 2018, member states of the European Union agreed upon a total ban on neonicotinoid insecticide use, except within closed greenhouses, to be imposed from the end of 2018. [1] Two principal formulations of lead arsenate were marketed: basic lead arsenate (Pb5OH(AsO4)3, CASN: 1327-31-7) and acid lead arsenate (PbHAsO4).[1]. [20] Dead leaves or leaves that have been mostly eaten by whiteflies can be removed and burned or carefully placed in closed bins to avoid reinfestation and spreading of the disease. "[52][53] EFSA reached the following conclusions:[54][55], EFSA's scientists identified a number of data gaps and were unable to finalize risk assessments for some uses authorized in the EU. In 2016, Health Canada proposed phasing out imidacloprid over the next three to five years. Secondly, they inject saliva that may harm the plant more than either the mechanical damage of feeding or the growth of the fungi. [3] Excessive exposure can cause nausea, headache, muscle weakness, salivation, shortness of breath and seizures. Its major uses include: Seed treatment Imidacloprid is the most popular seed treatment insecticide in the world; Agriculture Control of aphids, cane beetles, thrips, stink bugs, locusts, and a variety of other insects that damage crops; Arboriculture Control of the emerald ash borer, hemlock Whitefly control is difficult and complex, as whiteflies rapidly develop resistance to chemical pesticides. The study was published in January 2013, stating that neonicotinoids pose an unacceptably high risk to bees, and that the industry-sponsored science upon which regulatory agencies' claims of safety have relied may be flawed and contain data gaps not previously considered. [96], Globally, 60% of neonicotinoids are used as seed coatings. Properties and chemistry. The market grew from 155million in 1990 to 957million in 2008. The female however, can mate with her own male offspring, and thereafter produce eggs of both sexes. To best take advantage of new research as it becomes available, the EPA moved ahead the docket openings for the remaining neonicotinoids on the registration review schedule (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) to FY 2012. Integrated management of whiteflies can as well be done using biopesticides based on microbials such as Beauveria bassiana (effective on larvae and adults) or Isaria fumosorosea. However, acetylcholinesterase cannot break down neonicotinoids and their binding is irreversible. Imidacloprid has been the most widely used insecticide in the world from 1999[3] through at least 2018[update]. The table below was updated as of September 29, 2022, and new/updated benchmarks are shown below in red and bolded. [21] As of 2014[update], about a third of US soybean acreage was planted with neonicotinoid-treated seeds, usually imidacloprid or thiamethoxam. For effective use of biological method after application of pesticide, plant washing is advised prior to release of predators or parasitoids. The toxicity studies are responsive to data requirements specified in U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR 158). [56], In response to the study, the European Commission recommended a restriction of their use across the European Union. Whiteflies share a modified form of hemimetabolous metamorphosis, in that the immature stages begin life as mobile individuals, but soon attach to host plants. Cypermethrin is moderately toxic through skin contact or ingestion. googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { Conversely, benchmarks preceded by a "less-than"symbol (for example, <1,500) were derived from a "less-than"value and may underestimate toxicity. In 1985, Bayer (Shinzo Kagabu) patented imidacloprid as the first commercial neonicotinoid. For each of the chemicals listed, the table provides a link to the source documents from which each of the benchmarks is extracted. EFSA also highlighted that risk to other pollinators should be further considered. For chronic invertebrates, toxicity value is usually the lowest NOAEC from a life-cycle test with invertebrates, and the LOC is 1. Over 70 per cent of Argentinas 2021-22 soybean crop sold, Canola futures bouncing around, not breaking out, Subscribe to the Alberta Farmer Express daily newsletter. [7], Both sexes have functional mouthparts and two pairs of membranous, functional wings; the rear wings are neither much reduced, nor modified into any such hooked or haltere-like structures as occur in some other Hemiptera such as many of the Coccoidea. var lazyAds = []; HSE aims to reduce work-related death, injury and ill health. * PERMISSION TO CONTACT YOU BY EMAIL By providing your e-mail address, you confirm that you are providing consent to Glacier Farm Media LP, on its own behalf and on behalf of its affiliates, and carrying on business through its divisions, to receive emails containing news, updates and promotions, including third party promotions, as well as product and/or service information, including that of third parties, that may be of interest to you, and that you understand you may unsubscribe at any time. Greenhouse whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) dispersal under different UV-light environments. [87] Neonicotinoids may also be responsible for detrimental effects on the bumblebee, another important pollinator. The report looked at the short- and medium-term impacts of a complete ban of all neonicotinoids on agricultural and total value added (VA) and employment, global prices, land use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. } It is marketed under the names Indoxacarb Technical Insecticide, Steward Insecticide and Avaunt Insecticide. It may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. Imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam are neonicotinoid pesticides, used mostly to control indoor ants as a gel or liquid formula. Pesticide Science and Assessing Pesticide Risks, Read a summary of the September 2022 updates to the Aquatic Life Benchmarks, Evaluation Guidelines for Ecological Toxicity Data in the Open Literature, Relationship to ambient water quality criteria, Guidelinesfor Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for Protection of Aquatic Organisms, Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process, 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 2-butyl (BBIT), 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid Ethyl Ester (NAA Ester), Acetochlor degradate ethanesulfonic acid (ESA), Alpha-cypermethrin degradate (3-phenoxybenzoic acid) 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, Benzyl Benzoate degradate Sodium Benzoate, Bicyclopyrone degradate CSAA589691 ((1S,3R)-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid), Bicyclopyrone degradate CSCC163768 (6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid), Bifenazate degradate [1,1-Biphenyl]-3,4-diol (D9472), Bifenazate degradate 2-[4-methoxy(1,1-biphenyl)-3-yl],1-methylethyl ester (D3598), Bifenazate degradate 4-methoxybiphenyl (D1989), Captan degradate (1,2,3,6-Tetrahydrophthalimide), Captan degradate (tetrahydrophthalimic acid), Chlorantraniliprole degradate IN-LBA22-002, Chlorantraniliprole degradate IN-LBA23-000, Chlorantraniliprole degradate IN-LBA24-002, Clodinafop-propargyl Degradate "Clodinafop acid", Clodinafop-propargyl Degradate (CGA-302371), Cloransulam-methyl degradate 'Cloransulam', Copper 8-quinolinolate (Bis(8-quinolinolato)copper(II)), Cyclanilide degradate "2,4-dichloroaniline", Cyflumetofen degradate AB-11 (Benzenepropanoic acid,a-cyano-a-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-b-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-,1-methylethyl ester), Cyflumetofen degradate A-2 (4-tert-Butylphenyl-acetonitrile), Cyflumetofen degradate B-1 (2-(trifluoro methyl) benzoic acid), Cyhalofop-butyl degradate Cyhalofop-amide, Cyhalofop-butyl degradate Cyhalofop-diacid, Dazomet degradate (Methyl Isothiocyanate), Difenoconazole degradate Triazole Acetic Acid, Endothall (mono N,N-dimethylalkylamine salt), Ethofumesate degradate ethofumesate acetic acid, Etoxazole degradate 2-amino-2-(4-tert-butyl-2-ethoxyphenyl)ethanol (R-8), Etoxazole degradate 2-amino-2-(4-tert-butyl-2-ethoxyphenyl)ethyl-2' ,6'-difluorobenzoate hydrochloride (R-7), Etoxazole degradate 4-(4-tert-Butyl-2-ethoxyphenyl)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-oxazole (R-13), Etoxazole degradate N-(2,6-Difluorobenzoyl)-2-amino-2-(4-tert-butyl-2-ethoxyphenyl) ethane (R-4), Etoxazole degradate N-(2,6-Difluorobenzoyl)-4-tert-butyl-2-ethoxybenzamide (R-3), Etridiazole degradate 3-DCMT (5-ethoxy-3-dichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole), ETU (common degradate of Mancozeb, Maneb, and Nabam), Fenamidone degradate RPA-410193 ((5S)-5-Methyl-5-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)-2,4-imidazolelidinedione) (phenylamino)-2,4-imidazolidinedione, Fenamidone degradate RPA-412636 ((S)-Methyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4- dione), Fenamidone degradate RPA-412708 ((5S)-3,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2-(methylthio)-5-phenyl-4H-imidazole-4- one), Fenamidone degradate RPA-413255 ((5S)-3,5-5-methyl-2-(methylthio)-3-[(2- nitrophenyl)amino]-5-phenyl-4Himidazole- 4-one), Fenazaquin degradate 2-(4-Tert-Butylphenyl) Ethanol, Fenazaquin degradate Fenazaquin propionic acid, Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl degradate (AE F046360), Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Degradate [AE F096918], Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl degradate AE F054014 (Chlorobenzoxazolone), Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl degradate AE F088406 (Fenoxaprop-p acid), Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Degradate Chlorobenzoxazolone [AE F054014], Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Degradate Fenoxaprop-p acid (AE F088406), Fenpyrazamine degradate- 2-Cyano-N-isopropyl-2-(otolyl)acetamide (MCNI), Fenpyrazamine degradate- 5-Amino-2-isopropyl-4-(o-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-one(S-2188-DC), Fenpyrazamine degradate- 5-Amino-4-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-4-(o-tolyl)pyrazol-3-one(S-2188-OH), Fenpyroximate degradate M-3 ((E)-4-[(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenoxypyrazol-4-yl)methylene-aminooxy-methyl]-benzoic acid), Fipronil degradate fipronil desulfinyl (MB46513), Fipronil degradate fipronil sulfide (MB45950), Fipronil degradate fipronil sulfone (MB46136), Florpyrauxifen-benzyl degradate Acid X11438848, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl degradate Des-Chloro- XDE-848 BE ester X12131932, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl degradate Des-Chloro-Acid X12393505, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl degradate Hydroxy Acid X1196341, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl degradate Nitro-Hydroxy Acid X12483137, Fluazifop-p-butyl degradate 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone (R154719), Fluensulfone degradate Butene Sulfonic Acid, Fluensulfone degradate Deschloro-Fluensulfone, Fluensulfone degradate Thiazole Sulfonic Acid, Flumiclorac-pentyl degradate Flumiclorac acid (IMCA), Fluopicolide degradate- 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid, Glufosinate degradate 2-acetamido-4-methylphosphinico-butanoic acid (NAG), Glufosinate degradate 2-methylphosphinico-acetic acid (MPA), Glufosinate degradate 3-methylphosphinicopropionic acid (MPP), Glufosinate degradate Methylphosphinico-formic acid (MPF), Glyphosate degradate aminomethyl phosphoric acid (AMPA), Indoxacarb degradate- (IN-JT333) (methyl-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro -2-[[[4(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]indeno[1,2e][1,3,4]oxadiazine -4a(3H)-carboxylate), Indoxacarb degradate- (IN-MP819) (lndenol[1 ,2-e][1 ,3,4]oxadlazine-1 (2H)-carboxylic acid, 7-chloro-3,5-dlhydno-2-[[[4-(triftuoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-, methyl ester), Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium Degradate (Metsulfuron), Mecoprop-p degradate 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol, Mesosulfuron-methyl degradate (F092944) (2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine), Mesosulfuron-methyl degradate (F147447) (6-Methanesulfonamidomethyl- 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,l dioxide), Mesosulfuron-methyl degradate (F160459) (Methyl 2-[3-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrimidine-2- yl)ureidosulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonamido-methyl benzoate), Mesosulfuron-methyl degradate (F160460) (2-[3-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl) ureidosulfonyl]-4-methanesulfonamidomethyl-benzoic acid), Mesotrione degradate 2-amino-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid (AMBA), Mesotrione degradate 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid (MNBA), Metam sodium and Metam potassium degradate- Methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), Myclobutanil degradate - 1,2,4-triazole acetic acid, Octhilinone; 2-n- Octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one (OIT), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-E8S72 (5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-P3X26 (2-[1-[2-[5-Methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-Q7D41 (1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-QFD61 (1-[4-(4-Acetyl-2-thiazolyl)-1-piperindyl]- 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-QPS10 (4-[4-[5-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl)-2-thiazolyl]piperidine), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-RAB06 (1-[2-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]- 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-RDT31 (1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-4-hydroxy-1- piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-RSE01 (3-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-[2-[1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]- 4-piperidinyl]-4-thiazolyl]-1-propanone), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-RYJ52 (1-[4-[4-[(1S,3S)-3-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydroxypropyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperindyl]-2-[5- methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-S2K66 (1-[4-[4-[3-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-1-hydroxypropyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1yl]ethanone), Oxathiapiprolin degradate IN-S2K67 (1-[4-[4-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-2-thiazolyl)-1-piperindyl]- 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone), Propanil degradate - 3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA), Prothioconazole Degradate Prothioconazole-desthio, Prothioconazole Degradate Prothioconazole-S-methyl, Pyrifluquinazon degradate IV-01 (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-[(3-pyridylmethyl)amino]-6-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]quinazolin-2-one), Pyrifluquinazon degradate IV-02 (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-[(3-pyridylmethyl)amino]-6-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethylene)ethyl]quinazolin-2-one), Pyrifluquinazon degradate IV-203 (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]quinazolin-2,4-dione), Pyrimethanil Degradate 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, Sodium tetrathiocarbonate degradate carbon disulfide, Sulfoxaflor degradate- N-(methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-4-sulfanylidene) urea, TCMTB (2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole), TCMTB (2-(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole) degradate 2-MBT, Telone (1,3-D) Degradate 3-chloroacrylic acid, Telone (1,3-D) Degradate 3-chloroallyl alcohol, Tetraniliprole degradate BCS-CL73507-amide (BCS-CR60014), Tetraniliprole degradate BCS-CL73507-deschloro-pyrazine (BCS-CY28897), Tetraniliprole degradate BCS-CL73507-desmethyl-amide-carboxylic-acid (BCS-CU81055), Tetraniliprole degradate BCS-CL73507--N-methyl-quinazolinone-amide (BCS-CT30672), Tetraniliprole degradate BCS-CL73507-N-methyl-quinazolinone-carboxylic acid (BCS-CT30673), Tetraniliprole degradate BCS-CL73507-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid (BCS-CY28906), Tetraniliprole degradate BCS-CL75307-deschloro-oxazine (BCS-CY28900), Tetraniliprole degradate BCS-CQ63359 (Tetraniliprole quinazolinone), Tetraniliprole degrade BCS-CL73507-carboxylic acid (BCS-CR74541), Thiophanate methyl degradate Carbendazim (HOE 017411), Tioxazafen degradate 3-Theinyl 102100 (MON 102130), Tolclofos-methyl degradate- O-methyl O-(2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenyl)hydrogen phosphorothioate(DM-TM), Tolfenpyrad degradate PCA (4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-methylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid), Tolfenpyrad degradate PT(A)-4OH (4-chloro-3-ethyl-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl-1-methylpyrazole-5carboxamide), Tolfenpyrad degradate PT-CA (4-[4-[4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-methylpyrazol-5-yl)carbonylaminomethyl]phenoxy]benzoic acid), Trifloxysulfuron-Sodium degradate- CGA 382997, Trifloxysulfuron-Sodium degradate- CGA-368732, Valifenalate degradate "p-chlorobenzoic acid", Valifenalate degradate "Valifenalate acid", As required by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, OPP uses aquatic toxicity data in its ecological risk assessments to inform pesticide registration decisions.

Feast Like Crossword Clue, Pull-out Keyboard Shelf, Renters Laws In Virginia, Total Commander Windows, Addjavascriptinterface Android Example, What Causes Vor Dysfunction, Anthropology Ncert Class 12 Pdf, Orderly And Logical Crossword Clue, Minecraft Motion Blur Resource Pack,